AWS Architecture: End to End Design and Working

AWS is currently the top cloud in terms of usage and brand recognition providing a wide range of cloud solutions over compute, storage, database, network, security and many more. But, behind every successful cloud network, there is a designed and pre-planned cloud architecture. It is very much beneficial to understand the architecture of the cloud before its implementation. So in this blog, we are going to discuss AWS Architecture in detail.

AWS Architecture

AWS architecture is a process of planning, designing, and implementing AWS resources in a cloud infrastructure. Various AWS resources connect in a structured way that allows data to flow seamlessly.

Advantages

• It allows to scale up and down the resources with business demand.
• It gives less workload with fully loaded automated features.
• It ensures security with the CIA (Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability).

Five Pillars of AWS Architecture

The five pillars of AWS Architecture are:

1. Security
2. Reliability
3. Performance Efficiency
4. Cost Optimization
5. Operation Excellence

Read More: 5 Pillars of AWS Architecture

Components of AWS Architecture

Various AWS components create AWS Architecture, but some of the most used components are:

Elastic Load Balancer

ELB or Elastic Load Balancer uses request routing algorithms to distribute the traffic automatically. It handles all the incoming and outgoing traffic and can scale its load balancing capability based on real-time traffic. It ensures high performance with high fault tolerance.

Read More: AWS Elastic Load Balancing

Amazon CloudFront

Amazon CloudFront is a Content Delivery Network (CDN) service. It handles the delivery of static and dynamic content stored in global network locations. The content can be of many types like streaming content, images, gif, etc. It enhances the performance by requesting content from the nearest location automatically.

Amazon RDS

Amazon RDS (Relational Database Service) is a database service that stores data in tables. It is an easily accessible, manageable and cost-efficient service.

Read More: Amazon RDS

Amazon ElastiCache

Amazon ElastiCache is a fully managed in-memory cache service that stores data and maintains the cache. It improves the performance of web applications with fast retrieval of information from the in-memory cache.

AWS Architecture: Web, App, DB Tier

The above image is the representation of AWS Architecture with Web, App and Database tiers. The AWS region bounds all the components present in the architecture. Inside the region are the availability zones AZ1 and AZ2. The inner boxes in the above image are of VPC (Virtual Private Cloud). In a VPC, three subnets are present as Web, App and Database tier from top to bottom.

• Web Tier: It contains web servers like Apache.
• App Tier: It contains app servers.
• Database Tier: It contains database services like Amazon RDS (Relational Database Service).

How AWS Architecture: Web, App and DB tier will work?

1. When a user visits the app URL, it gets checked by the DNS (Domain Name System) management system called Route 53.
2. The user request will then go through the load balancer that maintains all the incoming and outgoing traffic.
3. This traffic will finally go to the web and app tier and then connect with the database tier.
4. The database tier contains one Amazon ElastiCache for fast data access and one Amazon RDS DB Instance. One more Amazon RDS DB Instance is present in Availability Zone 2 that will act as a standby database for disaster recovery solutions.
5. One S3 Bucket connects with the Web tier and the database tier for the backup solution to store the static data like images and GIFs.
6. The request to access the content will go to the Content Delivery Network that is CloudFront.
7. Also, this complete Architecture can integrate with other services like CloudWatch, Amazon Dynamo DB, SES, AWS SNS, and more.

AWS Architecture: HA Multi-tier

The above diagram is of the multi-tier AWS Architecture with High Availability. Inside the VPC, two availability zones are present US-east-1a and US-east-1b.

How will AWS HA Multi-Tier Architecture work?

1. The request will pass through Internet Gateway to the Application Load Balancer.
2. One Bastion Security Group and NAT Gateway are present on respective availability zones for more secure data flow.
3. Frontend Auto Scaling Group will now handle the request that contains EC2 Instances present in both availability zones.
4. There is one Internal Load Balancer present to handle the traffic.
5. Request from the internal load balancer will go to the Backend Auto Scaling Group containing the EC2 Instances.
6. The EC2 instances will connect to the Database Master and Database Slave to entertain the request.

Check Out: AWS Lambda Pricing.

Design Resilient Architecture

The above diagram is of the design resilient AWS Architecture. Inside the Amazon VPC, two availability zones are present, with two subnets each. The use of multiple availability zones ensures the availability if one doesn’t respond due to any reason. Similarly, the multi Amazon RDS database here will help to replicate data in multiple availability zones.

How will Design Resilient Architecture work?

1. The user request will go to Amazon Route 53.
2. Amazon Route 53 will pass the request to Amazon Elastic Load Balancer.
3. Now the request will be handled by the Web Instance present in the two different subnets inside Availability Zone.
4. Amazon RDS DB instance present on the left side will handle the request, and one backup Amazon RDS DB instance is present in another availability zone.

Also Check: What is AWS X-Ray?

Decoupled Architecture

The above image is of the asynchronous decoupled architecture where Simple Queue Service by AWS is used. It offers message queue infrastructure allowing to move data between distributed components performing different tasks for the applications. Also, it ensures that, at a time, a component is always available.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1) What is AWS Architecture Diagram?

It is a visual representation of the complete architecture connected by multiple AWS services. The image we discussed above is the AWS Architecture diagram.

2) What does AWS Architects do?

AWS Architects are the cloud computing experts who plan, design and propose solutions for cloud architecture.

3) What are the main components of AWS?

Multiple components play a crucial role in AWS like

• Networking: Amazon VPC,
• Computing: Amazon EC2
• Storage: Amazon RDS, Amazon S3, Amazon Dynamo DB
• Application Services: SQS (Simple Queue Service), SWS (Simple Workflow Service)

4) What are the five pillars of AWS?

The five pillars of AWS are Operational Excellence, Reliability, Security, Performance Efficiency and Cost Optimization.

Conclusion

AWS can fulfil the need of the growing business with its modern cloud technologies, tools and services. Various AWS tools and components are connected to create a fully working and automated cloud network. In this blog, we covered AWS Architecture, types and the complete flow with a diagram.